Co-firing hydrogen and dimethyl ether in a gas turbine model combustor: Influence of hydrogen content and comparison with methane

To promote the utilization of hydrogen (H₂) in existing gas turbines, dimethyl ether (DME) was used to co-fire with H₂ in a model combustor. The swirl combustion characteristics of DME/H₂ mixtures were measured under the varying H₂ content up to 0.7. The results show that the flow velocity elevates as the H₂ content increases, which is associated with the increased flame temperature. The OH level firstly increases and subsequently keeps nearly unchanged as the H₂ content increases. Meanwhile, the OH area nonlinearly increases with the increasing H₂ content. Moreover, the increasing H₂ content induces almost linearly decreased lean blowout limit (LBO), increased NO emission, and intensified combustion acoustics. Furthermore, the combustion characteristics of the 0.46DME/0.54H₂ mixture and CH₄ with the same volumetric heat value were compared. The 0.46DME/0.54H₂ flame displays lower LBO and higher NO emission than the CH₄ flame, which mainly results from the higher reactivity of 0.46DME/0.54H₂ mixture.     

Fast and stable operation approach of ship solid oxide fuel cell-gas turbine hybrid system under uncertain factors

This work focuses on investigating the adaptability of solid oxide fuel cell-gas turbine (SOFC-GT) hybrid system for ship application under uncertain factors. The effect of rapids, wind and waves on the performance of ship SOFC-GT is analyzed. In addition, a novel control system combining fuzzy logic theory, temperature feedforward and coordination factor on-line adjustment is proposed to address the problem of load disturbances caused by uncertain factors. The results show that the proposed operation strategy can shorten the thermal response time inside fuel cell stacks by almost 49.97%, meanwhile, reducing the maximum temperature changing rate at the electrochemically active tri-layer cell composed of anode, electrolyte, and cathode (PEN structure) by around 17.86%. Moreover, the reasonable matching between air flow and fuel flow is an essential prerequisite to ensure the safe and efficient operation of ship SOFC-GT. While the SOFC-GT is working at full load, the results indicate that the fuel to air ratio cannot exceed 2.56?10^?2 g/g. Finally, an application scenario of the 5000-ton river-to-sea cargo ship sails from Nanjing Port to Yangshan Port (Eastern China) is conducted to analyze the operation characteristics of ship SOFC-GT under uncertain factors. Two set of 1000 kW SOFC-GT systems with the electrical efficiency of 64.66% is designed for the target ship, the results conclude that the operation strategy of each SOFC-GT system supports 50% load is beneficial in reducing the power tracking time and SOFC temperature overshoot. The average electrical efficiency of 61.45% and 61.04% are achieved in winter and summer typical days respectively in the whole voyage.     

基于集员未知输入观测器的风力机桨距执行器故障诊断

风力机一般放置在恶劣的环境中,其桨距执行器极易出现故障。文中针对一类含有未知但有界干扰和噪声的风力机系统的桨距执行器故障问题,设计了集员未知输入观测器对桨距的执行器故障进行检测并分离。采用气动机理和现代辨识原理建立风力机系统模型,通过优化未知输入观测器设计对系统中的干扰解耦,基于中心对称多胞体估计不考虑故障时残差的区间包络,并将其作为残差估计的上下动态阈值,实现状态估计。在上述基础上提出了利用一组集员未知输入观测器进行故障诊断的策略。仿真结果表明,在实验过程中,文中所设计的集员未知输入观测器准确地诊断出了风力机桨距执行器的3阶和5阶线性系统在发生突变故障和缓慢时变故障的时间和位置,证明了所提故障诊断策略的有效性。     

半潜式平台漂浮式风力机阵列平台普通海况动态响应研究

为保证漂浮式风电场在环境载荷复杂的海洋环境中稳定正常工作，以半潜式平台为研究对象，建立了基于Umarine Semi Submersible平台的阵列式风电场。通过FORTRAN程序语言求解气动载荷，采用水动力学软件AQWA，基于辐射/绕射理论并结合有限元方法，研究了风波耦合作用下半潜式平台时频动态响应。结果表明：阵列半潜式平台漂浮式风电场可有效提升平台抗首摇、横摇能力；固定悬链线可降低平台横荡运动幅值与纵荡响应；共用系泊系统的阵列平台机舱振动稳定性更佳。     

大跨径网架屋顶设计与施工实践

某物资仓库拟采用框架结构和40 m跨网架屋顶。首先根据规范确定了屋顶荷载，并根据该建筑物位于台风区的实际，着重研究了风荷载的取值情况。该网架采用螺栓球节点，形式为正放四角锥形，施工采用分段整体吊装和高空散装的安装方式。实际使用情况表明，该物资库采用网架结构可靠耐用，且缩短了施工工期，取得了较好的经济效益。     

Performances of ideal wind turbine

If there is an ideal wind turbine, its performances will be the pursuit goals for designing the actual wind turbine. In this paper, the wind turbine that has the maximum efficiency is defined as ideal wind turbine, which has three main features: lift-drag ratio is infinite, it has enough number blades so that the blade tip and root losses can be ignored, and its blades are limited in width. Using blade element theory, the differential equations of power, torque, lift and thrust of blade element were derived, and the expressions of power, torque, lift and thrust coefficients of the ideal wind turbine were gained by integrating along the blade span. Research shows that the power, torque and lift coefficients of the ideal wind turbine are functions of tip-speed ratio. When the lift-drag ratio and the tip-speed ratio is approaching infinity, power coefficient of the ideal wind turbine is close to the Betz limit; The torque limit is 0.401 when the tip-speed ratio equals about 0.635; The Lift limit is 0.578 when the tip-speed ratio equals about 0.714; The thrust coefficient is 8/9, which is unrelated with tip-speed ratio. For any wind turbine which tip-speed ratio is less than 10, the power coefficient is unlikely to exceed 0.585, for any high-speed wind turbine which tip-speed ratio is greater than 6, the torque coefficient in steady state is unlikely to exceed 0.1, and the lift coefficient is unlikely to exceed 0.2.     

我国北方火炕烟囱中回风洞的数值模拟与分析

火炕采暖在我国北方农村地区非常普遍,为了取得更好的采暖效果,在原有火炕的基础上,以我国北方农村地区火炕中的回风洞(俗称“狗洞”)为研究对象,通过三组实验对烟囱进口处高温烟气的温度和速度进行了测定,依据流体运动中的三大守恒定律,分别建立了三组实验中烟囱内高温烟气流动的平面二维数学模型,利用FLUENT软件对烟囱内烟气的流动状态进行数值模拟,分析了烟囱进口烟气的运动趋势以及回风洞的有无对反风时火炕采暖系统的影响,最后得出结论是回风洞能有效地减弱外界风流的反向作用,阻止了突然自然反风而造成的烟气回流,甚至是火苗外窜的安全隐患。     

提高背压式供热机组负荷适应性与运行经济性的方法

为使长沙天宁热电公司的热电联产机组能适应低负荷时的稳定与经济运行,提出在原有背压式汽轮机的排汽处串接低压凝汽式汽轮机的方法。实际证明,低压凝汽式汽轮机的增设既能使机组具有较好的热负荷适应性,又能维持机组运行参数的稳定,提高了机组运行的经济性。     

大型风力发电设备防腐技术及质量控制

阐述了大型风力发电设备的结构和特点,提出了大型风力发电设备零部件所采用的防腐技术和方法,同时针对相应的防腐技术和方法进行论述,并着重阐述大型风力发电设备所采用的涂层防腐技术。     

聚乙烯格网阻风、消泡的研究与应用

当废水中有表面活性剂成分时,通常采用消泡剂消除好氧曝气池液面聚集的泡沫,但消泡效果差,同时会增加成本和污染物的量。试验发现超小尺寸格网具有阻风、割裂泡沫的功能,采用超小尺寸格网覆盖好氧曝气池池面,能够彻底解决泡沫乱飞的危害,每年可节省消泡剂费用70万元,人工成本20万元,生化出水CODCr的质量浓度比投加消泡剂时下降15～25 mg/L,而且易于管理。